Bible in a Year April 30 - Psalm 119: 1-88

 Psalm 119 stands alone in the entire book by being both the longest and the only psalm that was probably written originally to be read instead of sung. We don’t know who the author is, but it’s possible he was a priest (verse 23 mentions speaking before kings, and his job may have been to teach God’s law. When verse 57 talks about ‘portion’, that is another indication that he might be a Levite. Based on his words, it appears that he was persecuted by men of authority who ridiculed his believes and encouraged him to give up his faith. But He strengthened himself, as we all should, by meditating on the Word of God.

The psalm is written in an acrostic arrangement using the Hebrew alphabet. Each paragraph has eight verses and each verse begins with the same letter of the alphabet if we were able to read it in the original language.

The author uses eight Hebrew terms repeatedly through the psalm, using at least six of them in each paragraph. The different Hebrew words are translated as: law, statutes, precepts, commands/commandments, laws/ordinances, decrees, word/law, and word/promise.

Tomorrow we read the second eleven paragraphs. While the text might feel repetitive, see if you can get a feel for the struggles the author dealt with.

TOMORROW’S READING: Psalm 119; 89-176

Bible in a Year April 29 - Psalms 103-104; 113-114; 117

 

April 29 - Psalms 103-104; 113-114; 117

Did today’s reading make you want to praise the Lord? Wow – what a list of all the great things he has done.

Psalms 113-114 are part of a collection of songs called the Hallel, songs sung at the great festivals such as Passover, Pentecost, and the Feast of Tabernacles. At Passover, Psalms 113-114 were sung before a meal, and 115-118 were sung afterwards.

It has been suggested that Psalm 113 is a connecting link between the song of Hannah (1 Sam 2:1-10) and the Magnificat of Mary (Luke 1:46-55). All three passages celebrate God’s goodness, the way he cares for the poor and oppressed, and his faithfulness. They also express gratitude and praise for God’s blessings and mercy. (The Book of Psalms, by J. J. Steward Perowne).

Not surprisingly, Psalm 117 is the shortest psalm and also the shortest chapter in the Bible. However it succinctly describes the greatness of God.

Praise the Lord!

TOMORROW’S READING - Psalm 119: 1-88

Bible in a Year April 28 - Psalms 75; 93-94; 97-100

 

April 28 - Psalms 75; 93-94; 97-100

Oh, “for the Lord is good and his love endures forever; his faithfulness continues through all generations” (Ps 100:5)

Today’s verses make me want to shout to the Lord a new song, a song of joy (however, if you’ve heard me sing you may not want to be close to me when I do that!). He is in charge and will judge evil at the appointed time. His works are amazing, and he sustains the earth. What wonderful psalms of praise! There are several verses that are included in worship songs or are common statements of joy.

Psalms 93 and 97-99 are considered ‘enthronement’ or ‘theocratic’ psalms, which celebrate the Lord’s reign on the earth. They were used to worship but also are prophetic pictures of the time when the Lord will establish his reign through the Messiah. Psalms 47, 95, and 96 are also enthronement psalms.

While music is the most common way of worshipping within our churches, there are so many other ways to demonstrate your love and worship of God. What is your preferred way to worship?

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 103-104; 113-114; 117

Bible in a Year April 27 - Psalms 33; 65-68

 

April 27 - Psalms 33; 65-68

As I wake up to reports of mass shootings, deaths caused by mistake, war, disaster, and political struggles over the value of life as God granted it, it is important to remember Ps 33:11, “But the plans of the Lord stand firm forever, the purposes of his heart through all generations.” Oh, some days it’s hard to see him at work, so we have to look extra hard.

Today’s reading includes a lot of praise and remembrance of the goodness of God. Even if we don’t see his love on a national basis, by looking around locally there are so many great things he has done, is doing, and will do. Let’s just close today’s devotion with Ps 33:22.

“May your unfailing love rest upon us, O Lord, even as we put our hope in you.”

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 75; 93-94; 97-100

Bible in a Year April 26 - Psalms 8-9; 16; 21; 24; 29

 

April 26 - Psalms 8-9; 16; 21; 24; 29

All of today’s psalms were written by David and reflect praise toward God and confidence in his protection. They also highlight his sovereignty over all of creation.

Ps 8:1 is important in its praise. David addresses God by his personal name Yahweh (Lord) and then identifies him as ‘Our Lord’ (Adonai), the sovereign master. Hebrews 2:6-8 applies verses Ps 8:5-6 to Jesus.

While we didn’t read Ps 10 today, apparently Ps 9 and 10 were originally one psalm in the Septuagint, one of the earliest versions of the OT that has been found. However it makes sense that they are separate, because Psalm 9 is a song of thanksgiving, and Psalm 10 is a complaint and prayer over godless  men.

Ps 21 is associated with Ps 20. It’s suggested that Psalm 21 is a thanksgiving psalm after success in the battle referred to in Psalm 20.

The Bible Knowledge Commentary suggests that Psalm 29 was written as David witnessed an awesome thunderstorm, which is kind of cool because as I write this there is an active thunderstorm taking place overhead. It again reminds me of the song, Our God is an Awesome God (“with thunder in his footsteps and lightning in his fists”).

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 33; 65-68

Bible in a Year April 25 - Psalms 76; 82; 84; 90; 92; 112; 115

 

April 25 - Psalms 76; 82; 84; 90; 92; 112; 115

Today’s psalms all share a theme of praise and worship of God.

The locations of Salem and Zion show up a couple of times – both of these refer to Jerusalem. Psalm 84 mentions the Valley of Baca. This was apparently a place people had to travel through on the way to Jerusalem. Baca means

‘tears, or ‘balsam tree’. This rare tree was known as the balm of Gilead, and grew near the Dead Sea. It is now extinct, but it had a really sweet smelling resin and was used to produce perfumes, incense, and medical ointments.  No one knows where the actual Valley of Baca was located, but it has been used as a metaphor describing when God is present and can provide strength and comfort (balm) for the struggles and hardships (tears) of life.

There are a few familiar verses in today’s text:

Ps 90:12 – “teach us to number our days aright, that we may gain a heart of wisdom,” and

Ps 92:4b – “I sing for joy at the works of your hands.”

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 8-9; 16; 21; 24; 29

Bible in a Year April 24 - Psalms 40; 49-50; 73

 

April 24 - Psalms 40; 49-50; 73

Today’s readings touch on issues that we each face at different times in our lives. Pride, envy, depression, and sin.  But in each case, giving thanks for God’s blessings and continuing to trust in him brings deliverance.

There are passages that refer to the fact that God owns everything and isn’t necessarily delighted by sacrifice. Ps 50 mentions the Thank offering a couple of times. If you remember, that was also called the Fellowship Offering or Peace Offering. As an expression of thankfulness, a person would offer bread without yeast and a cake of bread made with yeast along with the animal sacrifice. This was not a required sacrifice – it was a voluntary expression of thanks to God for his provision.

Jesus, of course, became the embodiment of all types of sacrifices. Yet God is still so amazing in the provisions he has graced us with. How can you offer a tangible expression of thanks to him today?

 

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 76; 82; 84; 90; 92; 112; 115

Bible in a Year April 23 - Psalms 1; 14-15; 36-37; 39

 

April 23 - Psalms 1; 14-15; 36-37; 39

You may have noticed that the Psalms is subdivided into five books. Our reading today is all in book 1, which sets the tone for the entire book of Psalms by establishing the themes and basic motifs, such as praising and worshiping God, the power and sovereignty of God, and the need to trust and have faith in Him. It also contains some of the most well-known and beloved psalms.

 

There is a lot of practical advice in today’s reading! To be righteous, we:

1.    Don’t follow in the way of the wicked, sinners, or mockers (1:1)

2.    Delight in the law (1:2)

3.    Live a blameless life and speak the truth (15:2)

4.    Don’t slander or  do wrong to your neighbor (15:3)

5.    Honor those who fear the Lord and keep your oath (15:4)

6.    Lend money without predatory interest rates and don’t accept bribes (15:5)

7.    Commit your way to the Lord and trust him (37:5)

8.    Be still and wait patiently for the Lord and don’t fret when evil men succeed (37:7)

9.    Refrain from anger and do not fret (37:8)

It also provides specific warnings against sin and wickedness, and encouragement to trust in God. Overall these psalms remind us of the importance of seeking God’s wisdom and guidance in all aspects of life.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 40; 49-50; 73

Bible in a Year April 22 - Psalms 108-109; 120-121; 140; 143-144

 

April 22 - Psalms 108-109; 120-121; 140; 143-144

 We are often told to pray scripture – I’m not sure those who say this mean we should pray Psalm 109:6-15 or Ps 140:9-11 for anyone! However, it is encouraging that God seems to be ok with us even when we feel that way.

Psalms 120 -121 are part of a subset of psalms (120 – 134) that were actually pilgrim songs that were sung when Israelites went up (ascended) to Jerusalem for annual feasts. Jerusalem is surrounded by mountains, and visiting pilgrims would have to climb them from almost any direction. Those coming from the area of the Dead Sea would actually climb the most – some 3700 feet over the course of about 40 miles.

Four were written by David, one by Solomon, and the rest are anonymous. (As an aside, Beth Moore has a Bible study entitled “Stepping Up – A Journey Through the Psalms of Ascent” if you are interested in going deeper on these verses.) These psalms speak of the longing of the travelers to worship God and to be in his temple. They also talk about the challenges of the journey and express confidence in God’s protection and provision.

The Mishnah, a Jewish collection of oral traditions and written works, indicates that the 15 Songs of Ascent related to the 15 steps that led from the court of women to the court of Israel in the temple. It doesn’t say that the songs were sung specifically on those steps, though. It also indicates that the Levites sang these songs during the all-night ceremony on the first night of the Feast of Tabernacles.

Psalms 140, 143, and 144 are laments that share common themes of prayer, trust, and dependence on God. They can provide encouragement and guidance for us when we face struggles and challenges.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 1; 14-15; 36-37; 39

Bible in a Year April 21 - Psalms 83; 86; 88; 91; 95

 April 21 - Psalms 83; 86; 88; 91; 95

Two of these things are not like the others – while Psalms 83, 86, and 88 are laments, 91 and 95 are considered wisdom psalms, which are defined as offering insights for living wise and righteous lives in relationships with God and others. They are also considered ‘hymns of trust’, expressing confidence in God’s care and protection.

Today’s psalms have a multitude of authors. 83 was written by Asaph, 86 by David, 88 by Heman the Ezrahite, and we don’t know the authors of 91 and 95.

Psalm 88 is considered one of the darkest and most despairing psalms. Heman is mentioned several times in the Bible. 1 Chron 15:19 and 16:41-42 tell us that he, along with Asaph and a dude named Ethan were to sound bronze cymbals as the Ark of the Covenant was being transported to Jerusalem and during the celebration that followed. He was one of the three chief musicians set aside by David in 1 Chron 25:1,6. He’s also identified as one of the wisest men in the nation in 1 Kings 4:31. I wonder if Heman actually suffered as terribly as is mentioned in this psalm, or if it was written in reference to others? Despite the emotional and physical pain described in this psalm, the author still retains fierce trust in God.

I enjoyed the imagery in Psalm 91 and had a few verses underlined already in my Bible. Did any of the verses we read today pop out at you?

TOMORROW’S TEXT - Psalms 108-109; 120-121; 140; 143-144

Bible in a Year April 20 - Psalms 69-71; 77

 April 20 - Psalms 69-71; 77

We have some more laments today, but these share something new – they include prophetic hints at the suffering and death of Christ, God’s faithfulness and salvation, and his victory over death. Jesus quotes several verses from Psalm 69 (see verses 4, 8, 25, and 28). And 69:21 foreshadows the cross and is quoted in the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and John.

Psalm 71 talks of God as the rock and fortress, which is echoed in the New Testament where Jesus is referred to as the cornerstone and the foundation (Eph 2:20 and 1 Pet 2:6). Verse 20 talks about restoration and new life – the NIV says “you will restore my life again from the depths of the earth.”

Psalm 77 refers to the sense of abandonment by God, such as Jesus felt on the cross, and the right hand of God, where Jesus now sits. It was not written by David, but by Asaph. We saw him named back in 1 Chronicles 25 as one of three leaders of the musicians. Twelve psalms are attributed to him. The header to this psalm says ‘according to Jeduthun’, who was also one of the three.  There are three psalms that include his name in the intro, and it is supposed that these were given to Jeduthun’s choir to sing.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 83; 86; 88; 91; 95

Bible in a Year April 19 - Psalms 41; 43; 46; 55; 61-62; 64

 

April 19 - Psalms 41; 43; 46; 55; 61-62; 64

As I read these words today it was hard not to see similarity between our current times and the difficulties David faced. Non-believers taunt and ask “where is your God” in situations of death and destruction. Our nation seems to be filled with deceitful and wicked men at times, nations are in uproar and kingdoms fall. Yet we can be still and know that He is God, He hears our voices and sustains us, and if we trust Him at all times and pour our hearts out to Him, he is our refuge.

Did you notice any verses that show up in Christian worship songs?

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 69-71; 77

Bible in a Year April 18 - Psalms 5-7; 10-11; 13; 17

 

April 18 - Psalms 5-7; 10-11; 13; 17

There are several literary types of psalms included in this book, and each of the ones we read today are considered ‘laments’, which express distress and petitions for God’s help. Thirty-seven of the 150 psalms are laments.

Laments can reflect internal suffering (such as sickness or physical distress) or external forces, like enemies or oppressors. They typically follow a similar structure where the author cries out to God for help, states his complaint, states that he still trusts in God despite his circumstances, asks for deliverance from the situation, and then ends by praising God for who he is and what he has done in the past. Our reading tomorrow also consists of laments – watch for these elements!

Look at Ps 5:7. The word in the NIV is mercy, and in ESV it is steadfast love. These are both translations of ‘hesed’, which we discussed back in 2 Samuel 7:15 on April 7. It also shows up in psalms 6, 13, and 17 – did you find it? What else do today’s psalms have in common?

TOMORROW’S READING: Psalms 41; 43; 46; 55; 61-62; 64

Bible in a Year April 17 - Psalm 30; 1 Chron 25-26

 

April 17 - Psalm 30; 1 Chron 25-26

Glad we had a Psalm to read today because the rest was pretty dry again! I wondered about the intro, though. It said it was written by David for the dedication of the temple, but the temple hadn’t been completed while David was alive. However the Hebrew word here is literally translated ‘house’, which is also used in reference to the tabernacle.  It’s also possible that this was written in advance to be read by Solomon when the temple was completed.

Apparently musicians were set apart and did not have to fight in the military. We see that the three family leaders were under the supervision of the king, and they all prophesied. They were in turn responsible for their sons, who were all trained and skilled in music for the Lord.

We also see that the Kohathites, who were previously responsible for carrying the Ark, are now gatekeepers. I always like the little ‘asides’ that occasionally show up about the people. Obed-Edom was blessed, Shemaiah’s sons were ‘very capable…and strong,” Shimri was appointed as the first although he wasn’t really first born (I wonder why), and Zechariah was a wise counselor.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalms 5-7; 10-11; 13; 17

Bible in a Year April 16 - 1 Chron 22-24

 

April 16 - 1 Chron 22-24

Although David wasn’t allowed to build the temple, God obviously let him participate in the preparation for it. He chose alien residents  in Israel to be stonecutters – apparently there were Phoenicians who lived there and who were great at masonry work, so perhaps that’s who he chose.

I liked the charge, almost prayer, which David gives to Solomon in chapter 22:11-13. What charge would you give your children?

The remainder of today’s reading can be rather dry, and it makes me wonder why such details would be included in the history. Commentaries suggest three reasons:

1) It emphasizes the importance of structure and organization in the worship of God,

2) It demonstrates the importance of each person’s unique role and contribution to that worship, and

3) It emphasizes the importance of obedience to God’s commands for servicing and worshipping him.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalm 30; 1 Chron 25-26

Bible in a Year April 15 - 2 Sam 23:24 - 24:25; 1 Chron 11:26-47; 21:1-30

 

April 15 - 2 Sam 23:24 - 24:25; 1 Chron 11:26-47; 21:1-30

Did you notice that Uriah the Hittite was included among David’s mighty men? And Joab isn’t, even though his brothers Abishai and Asahel are. Maybe it wasn’t necessary to mention Joab since he was the commander of the army. There are more men listed in Chronicles than in Samuel – commentaries presume that these are either men of lower rank or perhaps they replaced some of the original men when they were killed in battle, like Uriah.

The reason David conducted a census of the fighting men is a bit confusing. 2 Samuel says God led David to command it, but 1 Chronicles indicates it was Satan. And why would this be a sin? The Hard Sayings of the Bible states that a census of men of fighting age was essentially a draft notice and basis for taxation. And since David counted all the people, not just men of fighting age, it was considered an illegal act. Another suggestion is this was a prideful act of David, who may have been trying to see how great his kingdom was. The census was obviously seen as a problem by Joab, who tried to talk him out of it.

Satan is only mentioned by name 14 times in the OT, and only 33 in the NT. Of course he is referenced as the serpent, but he really isn’t discussed often. We know God doesn’t compel people to sin, however scholars state that he might compel someone to reveal the wickedness in their hearts which results in a sin visible to others. Others suggest that these two passages could refer to separate events, justifying this perspective with the different number of people counted in both accounts. Regardless of the explanation, these passages can be a struggle to understand.

If faced with the three choices David had to make as a result of his sin, which would you choose?

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 1 Chron 22-24

Bible in a Year April 14 - 2 Sam 20-21; 23:8-23; 1 Chron 20:4-8; 11:10-25

 

April 14 - 2 Sam 20-21; 23:8-23; 1 Chron 20:4-8; 11:10-25

Anyone else a bit confused over today’s text? First, I thought God had told David the land would have peace – it sounds like the battles we read about today were far from peaceful! Yet another attempt at a coup (resolved by a wise woman – too bad we don’t know her name) and additional fighting with the Philistines.

And a famine in the land as a consequence for Saul’s actions nearly a decade earlier? Why would God punish those who didn’t seem to have much involvement in the initial sin? Oh, the heartbreak of Rizpah, whose two sons and five nephews had to pay for their grandfather’s actions. I wonder if Mirab was still alive; we don’t hear of her pain.

Then we learn the names of the famous mighty men of David, who were heroes of the time. Their brave actions helped save the Israelites from disaster. It’s interesting to compare these heroes and their actions to the ‘heroes’ of our world today.

TOMORROW’S TEXT:  2 Sam 23:24 - 24:25; 1 Chron 11:26-47; 21:1-30

Bible in a Year April 13 - Psalm 3; 2 Samuel 18-19

 

April 13 - Psalm 3; 2 Samuel 18-19

Despite all he had done, David still loved Absalom and wanted him treated ‘gently’ by his soldiers. What would have happened if the two had just talked? Or if David had been close enough to his son to know what was happening? Could twenty thousand deaths have been prevented?

We learned back in 2 Sam 14:25-26 that Absalom was an incredibly handsome man who was very proud of his thick hair. It said that he would cut it once per year when it got too heavy, and that when weighed it was equal to two hundred shekels – about five pounds! But that was to be his undoing when it got inextricably tangled in a tree. Can you imagine the pain of hanging by your hair? Probably less than being hit with a bunch of javelins, though.

I was confused when verse 18:18 said Absalom had no son to carry on his name – back in chapter 14:27 it said he had three sons. We have to presume they had died. Some sources say the average life expectancy in 1000 BC (estimated to be the time of David) was only 30 years, and infant mortality was high. One source (ourworldindata.org/child-mortality) suggests that 25% of infants didn’t live through their first year, and almost half died before puberty. I wonder if Tamar, his daughter, was still alive?

As a side note, apparently Absalom’s pillar still exists! (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Absalom).

Why would Ahimaaz lie to David about his son?  And what did you think of Joab’s straight talk coaching of David in Chapter 19? Things get a bit complex through the rest of the chapter – you almost need a playbook to keep everyone straight! It sounds like the aftermath of this civil war took a while to resolve.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Sam 20-21; 23:8-23; 1 Chron 20:4-8; 11:10-25

Bible in a Year April 12 - 2 Samuel 15-17

 

April 12 - 2 Samuel 15-17

What was Absalom’s motive for wanting to oust his dad? Did he hate him? Did he think he could do a better job? Was he power hungry? He obviously had a long term plan to turn the devotion of the Israelites to himself and he wasn’t devoted to God at the time.

It also seems that he wasn’t allowed to just travel without permission – he had to ask David if he could go to worship at Hebron, the location of the original tabernacle tent. He was obviously very charismatic, because the two hundred men he’d invited from Jerusalem were unaware of his plan yet still ended up supporting him.

And why was David so afraid of him that he had to flee Jerusalem? Did God direct him to do that – we see no evidence of that, however we know that David was very devout. I found it interesting that he carried the Ark of the Covenant with him – I imagine that slowed the procession down quite a bit! He did pray that Absalom’s efforts would be thwarted.

Were you surprised that Ahithophel hung himself? Were advisors to the king required to be correct at all times, or was he just feeling rather useless since Absalom followed someone else’s advice? If Absalom WOULD have followed his advice it may have turned out the way Ahithophel expected, but perhaps he knew that and believed David would eventually kill him for being a traitor.

So many questions.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalm 3; 2 Samuel 18-19

Bible in a Year April 11 - 2 Sam 13-14

 

April 11 - 2 Sam 13-14

We don’t know how much time has passed, but the calamity within David’s family that was foretold in 2 Sam 12:11 has started. Oh, today’s reading hurts my heart.

First we have Amnon’s cousin, Jonadab, who encourages the rape, and Amnon, who seems to love Tamar, but doesn’t care enough to marry her. David seems to be ignorant of the whole situation, and sends Tamar into the lion’s den. Why did Amnon, David’s firstborn, need the king’s permission to be served by Tamar? Wouldn’t it have been ok to just ask her or her mother? Was she already wary of Amnon?

Absalom learns of the rape, and one commentary says he “attempted to comfort her but was  unsuccessful.” REALLY? He just tells her to blow it off! Oh my, the world has tried to cover up sexual atrocities for centuries. At this point, in those times, Tamar’s dreams of a family were crushed and she was essentially forced into a lifetime of singleness.

Two years later Absalom gets his revenge. Did you see that Jonadab is still an advisor to the king? He was obviously aware of the rape (and surely denied any part in it). He mentions the rape and the anger of Absalom to David – had David known about all of this in the past? If so, do you think his actions with Bathsheba caused him to have a ‘boys will be boys’ perspective?

After killing his brother, Absalom flees the country and takes up residence in Geshur. This land is actually within the territory of Manasseh and was a people group that was not eliminated years earlier when the Israelites conquered the land. It turns out that Absalom and Tamar’s mother, Maacah, was from Geshur and Talmai, the king, was his grandfather.

Joab knows David is missing Absalom, but why was it necessary to create the ruse of the widowed woman to get him to agree to Absalom’s return? Perhaps, like the story Nathan told about the man with the lamb, David responds better to situations where he makes the decision himself.

We don’t hear any more about Tamar – just that she lived with her brother. Did she travel to Geshur with him? We see that he has several children, and names his beautiful daughter Tamar after his sister. Was she involved in the girls’ upbringing?

Why do you think this story was included in the Bible? These two chapters could have easily been eliminated -- they aren’t terribly key to the rest of the story.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Samuel 15-17

Bible in a Year April 10 - 2 Sam 11-12; 1 Chron 20:1-3; Ps 51

 

April 10 - 2 Sam 11-12; 1 Chron 20:1-3; Ps 51

Today’s story is so well known that it is almost as easy to tell it as it is to read. But there are a few background things that hopefully will make it a bit fresh.

We know that kings typically went to war with their troops in the spring, and that David chose not to go. There really was no legal requirement for him to be there, but with his military history it was unusual for him to stay home. We can apply all kinds of judgement, but we really don’t know the true reason. However, if there was a legitimate reason we probably would have been told.

We also know that Bathsheba was taking a ritual cleansing bath (called a mikveh) in what was likely a communal tub on the roof filled with rain water. This would indicate that she had just finished her monthly menstrual cycle and was following Jewish law of purification (see Lev 15:19-33). We don’t know her age, but we can presume she is relatively young because she doesn’t appear to have any children yet. There are some who will charge her with promiscuity, but there really isn’t any evidence of that – it’s much more an issue of probably not being allowed to refuse the king.

Once David hears that she’s pregnant (probably a couple of months), he sends for Uriah in an attempt to hide his sin. Uriah of course refused to sleep in his home while his companions were sleeping in tents. But it if you go back to 1 Samuel 21:4-5, we see that David himself actually required his troops to avoid sexual relations while a battle was in progress. Some suggest that the process of washing his feet (ritualistically) would have released him from this prohibition, but Uriah wouldn’t have it.

At this point, David could have been killed under Jewish law for adultery (and of course, Bathsheba would have been, too). Instead he chooses to kill Uriah. It seems that Joab may have realized something was up, because he revised David’s order to abandon Uriah and as a result several men are killed. By not singling Uriah out, he eliminated the picture of retribution on David’s part.

I’m getting too long here, and you know the story, but there was one other interesting point I saw – 2 Sam13-14 indicates that God has already taken away David’s sin, but not the consequences. Why do you think He was willing to remove David’s sin, but not Saul’s? And why do you think the Chronicler didn’t report this story?

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Sam 13-14

Bible in a Year April 9 - 2 Sam 8-10; 1 Chron 18-19; Psalm 60

 

April 9 - 2 Sam 8-10; 1 Chron 18-19; Psalm 60

Yesterday’s text, in 2 Sam 7:1, it said that “the Lord had given (David) rest from all of his enemies.” And yet today’s text is full of warfare! There are two perspectives on this. One faction believes that 2 Sam 8-10 actually occurred earlier, perhaps between chapters 5 and 6 chronologically. Others believe that these battles were the process of God giving David rest. Either way, there is a lot of bloodshed in today’s text!

The two accounts are very similar – both outline David’s military conquests and the expansion of the Israelite kingdom. The Chronicler (as the author of Chronicles) eliminates some of the more violent details, probably to avoid any negative perspective of David as king. Regardless, there were a LOT of men on both sides fighting diligently, and the Lord kept his promise to bring victory to the Israelites.

From a theological perspective, texts like this can provide a picture of how God rewards faithful and just leadership, and that our success as earthly leaders is, in the long run, dependent upon our relationship with God.

Today’s psalm is interesting from the perspective of the introduction – it specifically mentions that it is to be used for teaching!  What do you think was the key lesson being taught?

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Sam 11-12; 1 Chron 20:1-3; Ps 51

Bible in a Year April 8 - Psalm 105; 2 Sam 7; 1 Chron 17

 

April 8 - Psalm 105; 2 Sam 7; 1 Chron 17

Psalm 105 is a great overview of the history of God’s love for the Israelites up to the point of the exodus and exhorts us to tell of his faithfulness and deliverance. While we don’t read it today, Psalm 106 continues on to tell of Israel’s disobedient response.

Then in 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles we have almost the identical revelation from God to Nathan and subsequent prayer by David. There are a couple of minor differences, mostly attributed to the perspective of the person who wrote Chronicles and his admiration for David – he refuses to call Saul by name (calls him ‘the predecessor’) and he emphasizes David’s position as king.

A couple of highlights – David refers to God several times as “O Sovereign LORD”, which is ‘adonay Yahweh’ in Hebrew, and he refers to himself even more often as “your servant”.

In 2 Sam 7:26 and 1 Chron 17:26, David responds to God’s promise to make him famous by praying that, if he does as he promised, God’s name will be great forever, not his own.

Did you find 2 Sam 7:15 and 1 Chron 17:13 disturbing? God says he’ll never take his love away from Solomon (yet unborn), as he “took it away from Saul.” It’s important to look back to the original language to understand this passage. The word ‘love’ here is ‘hesed’. While the majority of times it is used in the Old Testament (187 out of 245) it is translated ‘love’, the word actually means loyalty, joint obligation, faithfulness, goodness, and/or graciousness. It doesn’t mean he loved Saul less than anyone else (you and me included), but that he no longer felt an obligation to be gracious or loyal toward him. God will not take his ‘chesed’ love (that’s equivalent to the Greek ‘agape’) away from anyone.

That in itself should encourage us to tell of God’s wonders, as Psalm 105 commands!

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Sam 8-10; 1 Chron 18-19; Psalm 60

Bible in a Year April 7 - 1 Chron 15-16; 2 Sam 6:12-23; Psalm 96

 April 7 - 1 Chron 15-16; 2 Sam 6:12-23; Psalm 96

After the disaster, David tries again three months later, but this time he follows the rules. After the men carrying the Ark on their shoulders have walked six steps, David sacrifices a bull and a fattened calf (some versions just say fattened animal). Did he make the Kohathites stand still while all that happened? Were they allowed to put the Ark down, or did they have to continue to hold it? I also wondered if they walked in unison, like soldiers, or were they able to step individually? Did they make the trip in one day?

There is some confusing text in the Chronicles portion. The Ark had resided in Gibeon (Saul’s headquarters) before it was stolen by the Philistines. The tabernacle was there, and apparently remained there, while the Ark itself was taken to Jerusalem and now resided in a new tent that David had erected. Obviously this must have had God’s approval. The priests and musicians were divided up and seemed to perform their duties at both sites. As an aside, I think it’s cool that the leaders of the musicians were named.

We see another psalm of David here – this one seems to be a consolidation of several others – 105 (v 1-15), 96 (which we read today), and 106 (v 1 b-c, and v 47-48). Scholars believe David may have consolidated these psalms he had written previously for the special occasion.

Did anyone else wonder about the logistics of all of this? David, the Levites carrying the Ark, and all the singers were dressed in fine linen robes (probably new); there were tons of musicians and a choir whom I’m sure had frantic practice sessions, and every Israelite man and woman received a loaf of bread and two small cakes. That must have required every baker in the country to work overtime!

What is the biggest celebration you have participated in?

TOMORROW’S TEXT: Psalm 105; 2 Sam 7; 1 Chron 17

Bible in a Year April 6: 2 Samuel 22, Psalm 18

 April 6: 2 Samuel 22, Psalm 18

These passages are almost identical. Both talk about how God delivered David from his enemies and they vividly portray God’s power and might. In fact, it made me think of the song, Awesome God, by Rich Mullins (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w2b033DXCw).

However, there are some key differences. First, 2 Samuel 22 is a personal prayer of thanksgiving to God, while Psalm 18 is instead a song of praise to God for his deliverance. Second, the psalm is longer than the Samuel passage. Verse 16, 19, 30, 34 and 46 are unique and they highlight David’s trust for God and his acknowledgement that God equipped him and saved him. Third, the wording of verses are occasionally a bit different. Psalm 18 is often more poetic and uses more metaphors. And finally, the order of some of the verses is different, but the overall structure is the same.

Some researchers believe the psalm was changed to make it more conducive to public worship, but that can’t be proven. There are very few psalms included in the recorded history of David – the vast majority are segregated in the Book of Psalms. Why do you think this one was included in 2 Samuel?

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 1 Chron 15-16; 2 Sam 6:12-23; Psalm 96

Bible in a Year April 5 - 2 Sam 5:1-6:11; 1 Chron 11:1-9; 12:23-40; 13-14

 

April 5 - 2 Sam 5:1-6:11; 1 Chron 11:1-9; 12:23-40; 13-14

It’s been seven and a half years since David became king of Judah, and now, with Ish-bosheth’s death he is made king over all of Israel. He is now 30 years old and has lived a pretty rough life. Now almost 340,000 armed men came from all tribes to turn over Saul’s kingdom to David and they celebrated together for three days!

Jerusalem at that time was called the city of Jebus and was inhabited by the Jebusites, who frequently attacked the Israelites. It was located on the border between the tribes of Benjamin and Judah, so it was a perfect site for uniting those groups as David took over. The city was only about 11 acres large and had a population of less than 3500, but it was a natural fortress because it was on a large hill surrounded on three sides by deep valleys. Both Judah and Benjamin had tried to evict the Jebusites but had failed.

There is so much in today’s reading we could stay here for a week! Let’s just focus on the relocation of the Ark of the Covenant. From my limited perspective of the world it seems so unfair that Uzzah had to die – after all, wasn’t he trying to save the Ark from destruction?

The author doesn’t mention that David consulted the Lord, as it often does in other situations. In fact, the retelling of the story in 1 Chronicles 13:1 – 14 states that David “conferred with each of his commanders” instead. He seemed to indicate it was the Lord’s will, however he incorporated his own ideas about how to transport the Ark despite God’s instructions being very clear. Kiriath-Jearim was about 14 miles west of Jerusalem – perhaps David thought that was too far for the Levites (specifically the Kohathites) to carry it on their shoulders. For whatever the reason, David ignored the very specific advice about moving the Ark.

The situation is similar to Leviticus 10:1 – 3 when Abihu and Nadab, sons of Aaron, burned incense improperly and were immediately killed. God has set some things aside as holy, and anything that would desecrate or even cause them not to be revered appropriately was swiftly removed.

God’s consequences are swift and sure.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Samuel 22, Psalm 18 (yes, we really are skipping ahead for a day)

Bible in a Year April 4: 2 Samuel 2-4

 

April 4: 2 Samuel 2-4

So, after years of being chased through the desert, David finally becomes king, albeit just over a portion of Israel. The land of Judah is a large area that encompasses almost the entire southern region (however the tribe of Simeon has land in the center of Judah’s region).

 

The rest of the land is ruled by Saul’s remaining son, Ish-Bosheth. We don’t know when he takes over the reign of Israel – it’s possible this happened before Judah named David as their king. We haven’t heard of Ish-Bosheth before, and he apparently wasn’t involved in the battle where his brothers and father died. Under the control of Abner the army battles against David’s men to hopefully gain control of the entire kingdom, however David’s men are victorious in battle.

 

We have a lot of players in the kingdom game and it can get confusing! On Judah’s side we ‘meet’ three brothers who were actually David’s nephews. Zeruiah was his sister, and her sons were Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. We don’t know where Zeruiah fell in the birth order and we don’t know the ages of these men. Asahel was killed by Abner, Joab will become commander of David’s army, and Abishai will also lead a large portion of David’s army. You may remember Abishai was the one who snuck into Saul’s camp when David took Saul’s spear but didn’t kill him.

 

Ish-Bosheth is actually afraid of Abner and he accuses him of sleeping with Saul’s concubine. In our day that doesn’t seem to be a huge deal, but in those days the taking of a king’s current or former concubine was essentially an act of laying claim to his entire house and property. True or not, Abner is offended enough to switch sides.

What did you think of David’s request to get Michal back in exchange for Abner’s loyalty? Obviously her husband loved her – I wonder if she saw this as an abduction or if she was secretly glad to be back with David. Of course he now had at least six other wives.

 

Lots of fighting, death, and intrigue today!

 

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Sam 5:1-6:11; 1 Chron 11:1-9; 12:23-40;13-14

Bible in a Year April 3 - 1 Samuel 30-31; 1 Chronicles 10; 2 Samuel 1

 

April 3 - 1 Samuel 30-31; 1 Chronicles 10; 2 Samuel 1

David and his men rescue the prisoners and decimate the Amalekites. In a stroke of political genius, David shares the plunder with those in Israel who have supported his efforts to escape Saul, rewarding his base of supporters as he prepared to be elevated as king. The nation of Israel was obviously aware of the riff between David and Saul, and many still had great respect for David. Was it a natural assumption that David would become king? As far as we know, only David and his family were aware of the prophecy.

As Samuel had prophesied from beyond the grave, Saul’s three sons were killed in battle on the same day and Saul killed himself. As we move into the second half of these books, David finds out that Saul has died. I presume the Amalekite who brought the news and claimed to be Saul’s killer expected to be rewarded, not killed! I wonder what was going on in his mind, since the Amalekites were the ones who raided Ziklag and kidnapped the families of David’s men. Was he assuming that David would now be taking over Israel and wanted to be sure to be on his good side?

For a couple of decades David has been on the run from a crazed Saul, and yet, at Saul’s death, he still shows an incredible amount of respect for the man. During this time did David question the anointing he had received? We see him frequently turning to God for advice, but there is no evidence that he doubted God’s providence or timing despite battles, hunger, and homelessness. How can we follow his example?

 

2 SAMUEL

This book continues the reign of Saul and takes us finally to the long awaited inauguration and reign of King David, a span of about 40 years – remember this and 1 Samuel were originally one text. We don’t know who the author is, although some have suggested Zabud, the son of Nathan the prophet, compiled information from his father and court records and eye witnesses.

2 Samuel is considered one of the most important books in the Old Testament because it gives insights to the political, religious, and social history of ancient Israel. It provides details of David’s reign, his military activities, his relationships with his family, and the dealings he had with other countries.

The book also highlights David’s devotion to God, featuring key moments in his relationship such as his confession of sin and his commitment to building the temple. A key verse is 2 Samuel 7:16, which says, “And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.”

 

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 2 Samuel 2-4

Bible in a Year April 2 - 1 Sam 26-29; 1Chron 12:1-7, 19-20

 April 2 - 1 Sam 26-29; 1Chron 12:1-7, 19-20

Saul sought to kill David with 3000 of his best men. What matters of the kingdom were ignored while he was on his obsessive quest?

David defects to Philistia, and the king grants him the town of Ziklag. It is a bit horrifying that David went out raiding so much while he lived in Philistine territory – leaving no man or woman alive in the cities he conquered. He obviously developed his military skills during this period. We see that he has two wives – Abigail and Ahinoam of Jezreel (from the tribe of Issachar).

David seems more than willing to go to war with the Philistines against Israel. What was his plan? Would he have actually killed his countrymen, or would he have turned against the Philistines, leading to victory for Israel. Obviously we will never know.

Saul’s visit with the witch of Endor is interesting, too. He obviously was desperate for advice of any sort. When he collapsed from grief and hunger, the woman butchered a calf and baked some bread for him. I went out on the internet to see how long this might take – in current times it can take up to 2 weeks, including curing time. It probably took several hours to a full day in Israelite times. Unleavened bread would have taken a much shorter time and that probably held Saul over until the meat was ready.

We see in Chronicles that around this time more warriors joined David. It’s a fun fact that the Benjamites (the clan of Saul) were ambidextrous!

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 1 Samuel 30-31; 1 Chronicles 10; 2 Samuel 1

Bible in a Year April 1 - 1 Samuel 24; Psalm 57: 1 Samuel 25

 

April 1 - 1 Samuel 24; Psalm 57: 1 Samuel 25

David has a unique perspective on his place in the kingdom. While Saul is definitely his enemy and is out to kill him, David still has more respect for God and the fact that he placed Saul on the throne. Even though David knows he is destined to be king, he has a close enough relationship with God to wait for the proper timing and to continue to respect Saul’s leadership. Our country could use a bit more respect for those God has placed into leadership positions – whether we agree with their politics or not. We are called to always do right even when our leaders choose otherwise. It’s often a tough job to remember to respect and pray for people at all levels of leadership despite their failures, personalities, and beliefs.

Did anyone else see David as a bit of a hot head? We always hold him up (except for Bathsheba) as a righteous kind of guy, but it seemed that his anger against Nabal was a bit unjustified. Yes, Nabal was a jerk and a fool, but his crime was being arrogant and refusing to feed some 600 men. Because of that David was going to kill him and all of the men who worked for him if Abigail hadn’t intervened.

In a surprise move, just seven days after meeting him, Abigail leaves everything she knows and marries David. It was obvious that she was in a difficult marriage, and I presume she inherited nothing after Nabal’s death. It sounds like she was pretty wealthy, and we don’t know if she had any children (I presume not). But still, to just walk away AND to marry someone you’ve barely met? To travel around with him, homeless, while he was being stalked by the king and slated for death? Can you imagine what it was like to be in her position?

And why did David offer to marry her instead of just taking care of her? Was this a gallant move on his part to reward her for her actions, or was he smitten with her wisdom and appearance?

So many questions – and more to come.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 1 Sam 26-29; 1Chron 12:1-7; 19-20

Bible in a Year March 31 – 1 Samuel 22-23; 1 Chron 12:8-18: Psalms 52, 54, 63, 142

 

March 31 – 1 Samuel 22-23; 1 Chron 12:8-18: Psalms 52, 54, 63, 142

David is on the run and yet he has gathered quite a following. He appears to be the one held up as the protector of those who are poor and downtrodden at this point. He doesn’t have a permanent residence and lives in caves or begs for sanctuary in surrounding countries. Saul begins a reign of terror as he sanctions the killing of 85 priests and all the residents of the town. His guards refuse to do this, so Doeg, his head shepherd, takes over. We don’t see any repercussions for the disobedience of the guards, but I wonder how many might have lost some loyalty to Saul at this command. I imagine this slaughter left many Israelites afraid of Saul and more likely to report any sightings of David.

Keilah was a town in Judah near the border of Philistia. Maybe because of its nearness to the enemy, the city was well fortified, and yet the Philistines were still raiding the newly threshed grain from the resident’s barns. Apparently David’s men weren’t great warriors at this time – they are afraid of Saul and his army but are terrified by the Philistines. David is consistent in his search for the will of God and his faith convinces his men to continue to follow. They defeat the Philistines and deliver livestock to the people of Keilah, and yet they are still betrayed to Saul.

We see in Chronicles that around this time many warriors came and joined David’s little army. It’s a fun fact that the Benjamites (the clan of Saul) were ambidextrous!

Despite the tenuous situation he finds himself in, David still praises God and thanks him for ‘delivering him from all of his troubles.” Oh, I so often forget to praise God in the midst of troubles that are SO much less distressing…God help me to always remember to praise you.

TOMORROW’S TEXT: 1 Samuel 24; Psalm 57; 1 Samuel 25